Computer mein do tarah ke software hote hain - System Software aur Application Software. Is guide mein hum System Software ke baare mein detail mein jaanenge - yeh kya hota hai, kitne prakar ka hota hai, aur kaise kaam karta hai. Yeh topic computer science ke basic examinations (RSCIT, CCC, BCA, Class 10-12) mein bahut commonly puchha jaata hai.
System Software Kya Hota Hai?
System Software un programs ka samuh hai jo computer system ko control karte hain aur uske saare parts ke beech accha taalamael (coordination) banate hain. Yeh software computer ke hardware aur user ke beech ek bridge ka kaam karta hai.
Simple bhasha mein: System Software woh software hai jo computer ko chalane ke liye zaruri hai - iske bina computer kuch bhi nahi kar sakta.
System Software do bhagon mein baanta gaya hai:
1. Operating System
2. Language Translator
1. Operating System (OS) Kya Hai?
Operating System un programs ka ek vishesh group hai jo computer ke sabhi karyom ko control karta hai. Yeh computer ke sadhano ke upyog par nazar rakhta hai, avashyak hone par anya programs ko chalata hai, aur user ki ichchha ke anusar output nikalata hai.
Vastav mein yeh User aur Computer ke Hardware ke beech Interface ka kaam karta hai.
Operating System ke mukhya kaam:
- Memory management - RAM ka upyog manage karna
- Process management - programs ko ek saath chalana
- File management - files aur folders ko organize karna
- Input/Output management - keyboard, mouse, printer aadi ko control karna
- Security - password protection aur user accounts
| Operating System | Kis Device Ke Liye | Banane Wali Company |
|---|---|---|
| Windows 10, Windows 11 | Desktop, Laptop | Microsoft |
| macOS Ventura, Sonoma | Apple Mac, MacBook | Apple |
| Ubuntu, Red Hat Linux | Desktop, Server | Open Source |
| Android 14, 15 | Mobile, Tablet | |
| iOS 17, 18 | iPhone, iPad | Apple |
2. Language Translator Kya Hai?
Computer sirf Machine Language (0 aur 1 binary code) samajhta hai. Lekin programmer jo code likhte hain wo High-Level Language (C, Python, Java) ya Assembly Language mein hota hai. Language Translator in languages mein likhe programs ko Machine Language mein convert karta hai.
Language Translator teen prakar ke hote hain:
Assembler
Yeh program Assembly Language mein likhe gaye kisi program ko padhta hai aur use Machine Language mein convert karta hai. Assembly Language ke program ko Source Program kaha jaata hai. Iska Machine Language mein convert hone ke baad jo program prapt hota hai, use Object Program kaha jaata hai.
Compiler
Yeh program kisi High-Level Programming Language (jaise C, C++, Java) mein likhe gaye Source Program ko ek baar mein poora Machine Language mein convert karta hai. Har ek High-Level Programming Language ke liye alag Compiler ki zaroorat hoti hai.
Udaharan: C language mein likha program → GCC Compiler → Machine Code (.exe file)
Interpreter
Yeh bhi kisi High-Level Programming Language mein likhe gaye Source Program ko Machine Language mein convert karta hai. Parantu yeh ek baar mein Source Program ke ek kathan ko ek ya adhik Machini Bhasha ke kathano mein convert karta hai aur unka paalan karta hai (line by line execute karta hai).
| Feature | Compiler | Interpreter |
|---|---|---|
| Conversion | Poora program ek saath | Line by line |
| Speed | Zyada fast (run karte samay) | Relatively slow |
| Error Detection | Compilation ke baad saari errors ek saath | Error aane par turant rukta hai |
| Output File | Object file banta hai | Koi alag file nahi banti |
| Examples | C, C++, Java compiler | Python, JavaScript, Ruby |
System Software vs Application Software
| System Software | Application Software |
|---|---|
| Computer chalane ke liye zaruri | User ke kaam ke liye use hota hai |
| Pehle load hota hai | OS ke baad load hota hai |
| Examples: Windows, Linux, Compilers | Examples: MS Word, Chrome, VLC |
| Hardware ke direct kareeb hota hai | User ke direct kareeb hota hai |
Exam Tip: System Software ke do prakar hain - Operating System aur Language Translator. Language Translator ke teen prakar hain - Assembler, Compiler, aur Interpreter. Compiler aur Interpreter mein mukhya antar yeh hai ki Compiler poora program convert karta hai jabki Interpreter line by line.
kya aap koi assembly language hindi me provide kra sakte h???
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